Our country India became independent on midnight of 15 August 1947. Now we could decide how our government should be elected and how the country should be governed. The Constitution is the basic framework of the political system of a country. Our country has a written constitution. It is the product of our long freedom struggle. We made it in our Constituent Assembly between 1946 and 1949. We have become a democratic republic, i.e., a state in which the people are ruled by their elected representatives. The Constitution establishes the principal organs of the State. The Constitution also explains the relationship between each other and the people in the different jurisdictions of these major organs. By the way, interpreting the Constitution is not that easy, so we will understand a part of it today, i.e., elections or election commission of India.
Election Commission Of India
Panchayat elections have been held at many places in Bihar, and elections are being held at many places. Let us look at how elections were interpreted while making the Constitution.
There will be an Election Commission of India as per the Constitution. They will perform all election-related work for the Parliament and each State Legislature and the office of the President. The Election Commission now consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. They act as a majority decision-making body. In addition, the President Of India appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners.
The Election Commission of India was established on 25 January 1950, which is now celebrated as National Voters’ Day. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from his office on the same policy and grounds as directed to the Supreme Court judges. Another elected commissioner can be removed from office on the recommendation of the chief election commissioner. The Constitution also provides that every member of Parliament shall be a member of a State Legislature or a general election roll for each territorial constituency for election to each House. An objection to the validity of an election can be made only through an election petition.
The power to settle election disputes under the Representation of the People Act is vested in the High Court. The appeal in this regard can be made to the Supreme Court. But the disputes related to the election of President and Vice President will be settled by the Supreme Court. Electoral reforms No final decision can be taken regarding the various reform proposals given by the Election Commission, Law Commission, Constitution Commission, and various committees from time to time. The commission has tried to strictly implement the code of conduct for the elections.
Panchayati Raj
The issue of Panchayats and Municipalities is not new. There were Panchayat laws in many states of the country. There were Municipal Councils, Zilla Parishads, etc. But these institutions could not run successfully for long due to various reasons. Now, these institutions have got constitutional prestige and protection. Also, the Constitution states that the states’ legislatures will make their laws for panchayats and municipalities, etc. Panchayats shall be established in each State on the occasion of village and district and between the two.
In the states whose population is not more than 200000, there will be no need for Panchayats on the middle lining. Women, scheduled castes, and scheduled tribes will get a reservation in all panchayats. The tenure of Panchayats will be 5 years. In addition, they will have their budget, the power to levy taxes, and have their list of subjects and jurisdictions. Panchayati will be able to make plans for economic development for their respective areas and implement them. A State Election Commissioner will also be appointed in each State to conduct elections to the Panchayats. A Finance Commission will be set up every fifth year to take stock of the economic condition of the Panchayats.
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